Response Paper

Blue Collar Workers Have Brains Too Throughout our cutting edge society there has consistently been a social partition between the privileged of professional specialists who have gotten advanced education, and the hands on workforce who make up the center and lower class of society. It is the presumption of the cushy class that the hands on power are a moronic gathering who depend on physical work employments since they don’t have the insight important to make it in the office world.In his article â€Å"Blue Collar Brilliance,† Mike Rose talked about how the common laborers of industrial specialists is frequently thought little of and not given enough credit from their desk partners. He expresses that through his examination and perceptions, the manual specialists to be sure exercise noteworthy insight in their work, and that they shouldn’t be disregarded by those of a higher social class basically in light of their situation on the word related stepping stool. R ose portrayed that he was brought up in a hands on family, however that he looked for an advanced education a methods for satisfaction and to make a strong living.What I discovered fascinating were his perceptions through his examinations after master's level college. Rose states, â€Å"Intelligence is firmly connected with formal instruction the sort of tutoring an individual has, how much and to what extent and the vast majority appear to move easily from that thought to a conviction that work requiring less tutoring requires less intelligence† (Rose, 247) I concur with Rose in this announcement on account of my experience growing up, I was constantly trained that accomplishment in this life is tied legitimately with a formal education.If I needed to make a big deal about myself, I better attend a university. A lot to the shame of my folks, I put off school and entered the workforce as a disciple meat shaper. Throughout the years I have stirred my way up and was inevitably made the supervisor of a meat division. I have discovered that through my involvement with that occupation that I have become familiar with business hands on than in any of my concern classes. Rose makes a fascinating point about the hands on use of such significant apparatuses in the working class.He states, â€Å"Though numerous sorts of physical work don’t require a high education level, all the more perusing happens in the industrial work environment than is by and large idea, from manuals and inventories to work requests and solicitations, to records, names and forms† (Rose, 253) Rose is without a doubt directly about that since I have become familiar with the stuff to make an effective business with things like how to oversee expenses and work, how to manage your buys as to meet your business needs while downplaying psychologist or misfortune, and how to expand your gross overall revenue by smoothing out marketing strategies than I ever could in a classroom.He de picted watching his mom Rosie as a server in a burger joint and the entirety of the psychological shuffling she showed so as to keep her customers’ orders composed, the food conveyed appropriately in an opportune way, and ensure they were fulfilled and felt significant. He likewise saw that she was a server, yet frequently wore the cap of therapist in tuning in to the individual accounts of her visitors, and cooking how she rewarded them and reacted to them just as she was their companion and backing system.I concur that the industrial workforce is regularly looked downward on by the individuals who have picked the way of advanced education and have a place with the professional workforce since I have been an individual from the manual group for more than ten years and can affirm that it without a doubt requires noteworthy abilities so as to satisfy those occupations. I have worked in a café for quite a long while and have encountered that it is so hard to perform various ta sks and keep each client cheerful while shuffling a few tables and keeping numerous requests sorted out in my small documenting framework in my head.It really requires a unique mind to be a server in an eatery, to have the essential aptitudes as Rosie did with the capacity to gather assignments arranged by need and work productively in a streaming movement instead of going here and there aimlessly scarcely keeping your brains about you since you can’t keep your notorious balls shuffling noticeable all around. As a matter of fact, when you drop one ball or commit an error, all your different balls for the most part come smashing down on you. That is the thing that we in the business call â€Å"crashing,† or â€Å"being in the weeds. I have seen such a high turnover of staff that couldn’t deal with all the duties and have the client assistance and relationship building abilities fundamental for when things turn out badly. I concur with Rose’s purpose of ho w the cap of clinician is worn while playing out those obligations since you can totally spoil a persons’ food request yet give them uncommon client care and cause them to feel extraordinary by tuning in to them, show them certified sympathy and they will tip you well regardless of what errors are made in their eating experience.I have had a few ordinary clients come into my café and solicitation me as their server since I cause them to feel unique, and I participate in genuine discussion with them and have along these lines manufactured genuine kinships with individuals as a result of the manner in which I regarded them as their server. Nothing caused a standard client to feel exceptional like having their drink of decision conveyed to them when they plunked down without expecting to request it. I have had numerous collaborators ask me how I reliably improved tips than they, when we are serving basically a similar segment of clientele.I disclose to them the key is to be a d ecent audience, for example, Rose’s mother was to both verbal and non verbal messages, and do the easily overlooked details so as to cause them to feel uncommon and not just be a robot conveying their food and beverages. Numerous individuals expect that servers in eateries have a place with a lower social class, but since of my involvement with that industry I concur with Rose that it takes an extraordinary individual to satisfy those positions.I acknowledged Rose’s acknowledgment of the hands on power as one who has critical knowledge; since I am an individual from that class and feel that I have frequently been decided as somebody who comes up short on the vital insight to make it in the cubicle world. I praise his contentions that the manual power should never again be looked downward on as substandard. Works Cited Rose, Mike. â€Å"Blue Collar Brilliance. † â€Å"They Say/I Say†: The Moves That Matter in Academic Writing : With Readings. Ed. Gerald Gr aff, Cathy Birkenstein, and Russel K. Durst. New York: W. W. Norton and, 2012. N. pag. Print.

Critically review so called push and pull system of control for supply Essay

Basically audit purported push and pull arrangement of control for gracefully chains in the car sectore - Essay Example It is really clear that the creation procedure will unquestionably be outfitted towards delivering those things that are in more noteworthy interest as any business element attempts to abbreviate the working capital cycle however much as could reasonably be expected in order to produce most extreme measure of benefit in the briefest conceivable time period. In any case, there is one other component that influences the general productivity of any association, and that is the volume of capital utilized. As any understudy of the executives bookkeeping knows about, the quantum of capital utilized in plant and hardware is pretty much uniform over an industry as all players by and large pick the most recent innovation in order to appreciate greatest degrees of working effectiveness. In this way, there isn't a lot to separate between the rivals in such manner. Be that as it may, the zone where the pioneers desert the strays is gracefully chain the executives and stock control. In the event that a legitimate and rigid authority over stock isn't kept up, the degree of capital utilized can never be cut down while keeping the operational productivity unblemished. Nowadays the administration masters are looking past the limited and prompt bounds of stock administration and are taking a gander at dealing with the flexibly chain in general. Flexibly tie endeavors to see the entire creation process as a consistent element that starts with statistical surveying for accurately assessing purchaser request and follows the progression of information sources and administrations through the creation procedure directly till when the completed item arrives at the last customer. Along these lines this is a more extensive idea that incorporates all the partners; directly from the provider that provisions crude materials to the last buyer that purchases the item to fulfill a specific need. In the middle of obviously lie the maker, the work and the administration contributions from the tertiary area of the economy. A gracefully chain in

Workshops at SIPA COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Workshops at SIPA COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog The following post was written by current SIPA student Lacey Ramirez.   Workshops are an exciting, practical, and professional part of the SIPA experience which provide an excellent way to merge classroom learning with real world involvement. ____________________ I know the Admissions Committee has started reading and I’ve been thinking about what advice I could give prospective students that would help them make a decision regarding schools. In other words, what makes SIPA different than the other graduate schools in international and public affairs? One major component is the workshop requirement for all SIPA students.   Workshops require students apply the practical skills and analytical knowledge they have learned at SIPA to a real-world challenge.  Students are organized into small consulting teams and assigned a substantive, policy-oriented project with an external client.   Clients include public agencies (from the local to national level), international NGOs and multi-national organizations, and major firms in the private sector. Student teams, working under the supervision of a faculty expert, answer a carefully defined problem posed by the client.   Most of the teams will travel to the country in order to conduct the work necessary to produce an actionable report at the end of the workshop that will hopefully translate into real change on the ground. Examples of MPA workshops can be found here. Here you also find links to other concentration workshops, and please note to find examples of EPD workshops you’ll need to click here. Okay, now on to my personal experience.   I am currently working on a randomized control trial measuring the effects of an education incentives program and parental involvement interventions on students’ performance and school attendance in Chiapas, Mexico. During my time at SIPA I’ve focused my studies on developing my quantitative analysis skills, and it is incredibly exciting to be able to apply what I’ve learned to a real world project. Additionally, it is important to note that before we participate in the workshop it is mostly required that we prepare for it by taking an intensive Methods for Development Practice course that covers a wide variety of tools used by development practitioners. Tools are learned and applied in the Methods course through the use of case studies to give students an opportunity to practice before the workshop.   You can find a further description of the Methods course here. In the last few weeks of the Methods course, the students (we) apply for the workshop we are interested in and they cover a wide variety of topics, including supply chain analysis, health, education and monitoring and evaluation.   Once we are assigned to our teams, we work very intensely to prepare a schedule that we will implement the following semester to meet our client’s objectives. As I write this, my workshop team has members in Mexico conducting interviews, focus groups and observational studies to gather data that will prepare a team to go back in a couple of months to pilot a final survey.   It is very, very exciting and we hope that ultimately all our hard work will be used to serve the people of Chiapas to improve education programs and communities.

The American Media s Influence On The Italian American

The American media has had a substantial influence on the Italian-American stereotype, especially that regarding mobsters. The American cinema has created movies and TV shows such as The Godfather, Goodfellas, The Sopranos, and more. The media has the power to influence how people think and see things, including ethnic groups and races. This was seen extensively in the 2016 United States Presidential election. Hollywood has always had the strength to have ethnic groups be seen in a positive or negative light. In the twentieth century, the media had a negative portrayal of Italian-Americans that has evolved as time passed. The reason for the views changing with each passing decade is the fact that foreigners and their future generations became more â€Å"Americanized.† First, Hollywood and the media had a negative portrayal of Italian-Americans compared to other ethnic groups. In the article Family, Gang, and Ethnicity in Italian-themed Hollywood Gangster Films, the author Silv ia Dibeltulo states that in movies where both Italian-American and Irish-American gangsters were portrayed, Italian-American gangsters were portrayed as more â€Å"alien† whereas their Italian-American counterparts were portrayed as more â€Å"assimilated† . This led to Italians being negatively associated with the stereotypes from these movies, which led to anxiety across the country. The article goes on to state more differences between the depictions of Italian-American and Irish-American gangs in films. TheShow MoreRelatedItalians Perception Of The American West1516 Words   |  7 PagesHistory 105 Final 12/12/16 Italians Perception of the American West When people think of the American West they get this dangerous, rich, savage-like idea of what it might be like. In reality the American West is very different in contrast to its perception. Europe and more specifically Italy are a main source of this impractical view on the American West. Many events throughout history have given Italy and the region of Europe this idea. The American west is known for its media success in well-knownRead More Italian Immigration and the United States of America Essay1711 Words   |  7 PagesItalian Immigration and the United States of America Today we live in a world of which some have come to understand where it all came from. So many different little contributions have accumulated over the years to create â€Å"today† in the United States of America. Not one factor is more important than the next, however, some have had a larger, lasting impact today. Immigration and racial discrimination have played the most important role as to why American society has altered. In 1917 America enteredRead MoreEssay about Organized Crime1744 Words   |  7 Pagesstate of its homeland, Europe. Our society is convinced that the so-called Mafia is a family of pure criminals, pimps, and murderers. Whatever the opinion, there is no doubt that the Mafia played a big part in the history of America and the way Americans view crime today. The origins of the secret society known as the Mafia are believed to be as old as the 9th century (Mafia History). During the 9th century, the Mafias main purpose was to strengthen themselves against enemies, which invaded theirRead MoreThe Media Influence On Human Rights1544 Words   |  7 PagesAs part of the audience it is important to be aware of who owns a determine news media. This is due to the fact that different owners publish different things, which differs in not only political aspects, but also cultural. However, the press has to use a pluralistic way of presenting news, as stated in the Article 10 of the European Convention on Human Rights (Human Rights Act, 1998). This means that there should be diversity, all the aspects of an event should be presented and the coverage shouldRead MoreA Brief Note On Journalism And Mass Media Essay1371 Words   |  6 PagesKregar 1 Rebecca Kregar 10/20/2016 Journalism and Mass Media Global Media Report Printed media is extremely important in not only in the US but in Italy and all over the world in today’s culture. The United States of America has twenty-five newspapers and Italy itself has seven different newspapers. The main number of newspapers are locally and/or regionally based. This shows Italy’s strong history. The most well-known national dailies are all Milan based. Corriere della Sera and Rome’s La RepubblicaRead MoreThe Mafia s Influence On Hip Hop1603 Words   |  7 PagesThe Mafia’s influence on Hip-Hop In Rap, there is a unique culture, history, social impact and influence on society. Hip-Hop/Rap is one of the most popular genre of music. It has helped shape the pop culture into what it is today. What is popular culture? The ideas, activities or products, which are popular among the general mass. In today’s pop culture, one subject that is at the top of the list is hip-hop/rap. Hip-Hop music highlights verses consisting of slang and catchy phrases, which someRead MoreAmerican Revolution1716 Words   |  7 Pagestrivialize the matters of society. It has also played a major role in media in positive developments such as fight against racism, fight against gender bias, and spreading awareness about world peace. Author Bill Swanson who wrote the text, â€Å"How Films Feed the Mind or When I’m Hungry, I Don’t Want to Eat Candy†, would also agree that movies play a significant role in structuring our society. In his text he explains movies have a big influe nce to people both physically and physiologically. Swanson statesRead MoreCultural Competence And The Media1902 Words   |  8 Pagesfrom the way these groups are portrayed in the media. If we never get a chance to have direct contact with those from other walks of life, we began to group these different races or cultures together and think everyone is the same way as those we see in movies and on television. Although, we heavily discussed Latinos who have migrated to the states, we rarely touched on the third and largest immigrant group to come from Europe. The Italian Americans who came to the U.S. and made a way for not onlyRead MoreThe Role Of Media And Its Effects On Society1648 Words   |  7 Pagestypes of media that are constantly being shown in this time of era, such as, films, documentaries, music videos, and advertisements. The public tends to attach themselves to films and music videos when there are controversial ideas that rise from these forms of media and advertise ments sometimes receive the attention but after time passes on we forget them. 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Gratitude - 829 Words

Gratitude Imagine finally going to your warm cozy bedroom after a long day in school and finding it infested with mosquitoes. Yes! A colony of uninvited guests had the guts to completely overtake your room. You feel like screaming at them â€Å"pick on someone your own size!† You take a fly swatter and by some miracle you are able to kill all but one lone pesky mosquito. According to Ken Keyes Jr.’s â€Å"Mosquito Principal† chances are you will still be bothered by that one mosquito. The â€Å"Mosquito Principal† states: If there are 30 mosquitoes, and you exterminate 29 of them, you will not be happy or grateful that you were able to get rid of almost all of them rather you will on edge until you see that one mosquito squished under the insole of†¦show more content†¦Can we take a moment to step back and reflect on all the good that was given? The possibilities are endless. Take a look at the bright red trees in the fall with their leaves shedding leavin g a scarlet carpet on the green grass below. Discover the cold white snowflakes each with a pattern of its own together creating a fantastic winter wonderland experience, you can feel it. Sense the spring. Hear the birds chirp. Smell the morning dew. See the flowers beginning to bud. We don’t have to work for these blessings and yet they surround us. Don’t just walk around like a robot, live life. Open your eyes. Open your ears. Open your hearts and minds to appreciate the gifts that are in your world- our world and show gratitude to the One who gave it toShow MoreRelatedGratitude Essay865 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Showing gratitude is one of the simplest yet most powerful things humans can do for each other.† Randy Rausch was an American professor of computer science, human–computer interaction, and design at Carnegie Mellon University. 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I was full of range, loneliness, and depression, writing this Gratitude showRead MoreThe Impact Of Gratitude On Wellbeing1596 Words   |  7 PagesThe Impact of Gratitude on Wellbeing In a world that seeks answers to everything, people strive for perfection by working on their strengths and weaknesses. With technological advantages, people aim to live as long as possible with optimal functioning in the body and mind. It has been a goal of human existence to maintain ourselves in any way we can. One way this is done is through gratitude, which has been regarded as universally valuable, tracing back to the beginning of time. Ever since the 1930sRead MoreThe Healthful Benefits of Gratitude Essay example1283 Words   |  6 PagesGratitude has become defined as deeply appreciative attitude for kindnesses or benefits acquired. Several parts of gratitude have been identified. First, a person experiences a warm sense of appreciation toward an individual who performs a generous or desired kind act. Second, appreciation and kindness are expressed toward the person who completed the desired act. Finally, the person to whom appreciation is expressed, sensing the goodwill, is inclined to act positively and/or appreciatively towardRead MoreGratitude And Gratitude1708 Words   |  7 Pagesareas of study and practice learned in the topics; gratitude, forgiveness, laughter, humor, guided imagery, meditation music with and without lyrics, rhythm, tone, color, chakras, synchronicity, integrative health and integrative healing group sessions. Gratitude can be defined as being grateful about an aspect or several aspects of life. Gratitude is a character that should rather be practiced on a daily routine. It can be very easy to request gratitude theoretically as it is tough for human due to dividedRead MoreVote of Thanks1637 Words   |  7 Pagesattempt at summarising the events for the day. Instead it should be a way of showing appreciation with heartfelt words of gratitude. It can also be used as an opportunity to respond to the remarks, requests or promises made by the chief guest. Vote of thanks for inaugural function Here you can mainly address the chief guest and guest of honour if any and express your words of gratitude. Specify exactly what you are grateful for and it should be expressed in a sincere manner using suitable words. VoteRead MoreLetter : Principles And Strength959 Words   |  4 PagesGratitude: Principles and Strength By Dr Elena Pezzini | Submitted On May 19, 2011 Recommend Article Article Comments Print Article Share this article on Facebook 1 Share this article on Twitter 1 Share this article on Google+ Share this article on Linkedin Share this article on StumbleUpon 1 Share this article on Delicious 1 Share this article on Digg 1 Share this article on Reddit Share this article on Pinterest Expert Author Dr Elena Pezzini Gratitude is a signature strength that can beRead MoreThe Use Of Positive Emotion Building Exercises1620 Words   |  7 PagesCultivating gratitude in students through the use of positive emotion building exercises will differ between year levels as a students ability to personally reflect / contribute and understand is continually developing. One cannot expect a student in reception to write an explicitly detailed gratitude letter. However, with teacher directed guidance, a group sharing activity involving What Went Well can certainly be beneficial to those who participate (Seligman et al. 2009). The use of the followingRead MoreWhat Makes A Blessing?1155 Words   |  5 Pagesdo indeed need to be brave, because it’s very hard to point out one’s own failure to be thankful. Gratitude softens our hearts to where they are more pliable in the hands of a loving God. Hard hearts are generally ungrateful, so asking God to make us brave enough to see where we are lacking gra titude is a worthy endeavor and surely pleases our Father in heaven. Examine your life. Are there any gratitude shortcomings? In my own life, I know that I need to work on giving thanks for even the little thingsRead MoreCharacteristics Of A True Believer763 Words   |  4 PagesOne of the distinguishing characteristics of a true believer in Jesus Christ is a heart of gratitude. It is not just an attitude of gratitude for all the blessings, but it goes beyond the thankfulness for good things in life. A genuine Christian thanks God even in the midst of trials, persecutions, sorrows and sufferings in life. A Spirit-filled life is a thanksgiving life. Do not get drunk with wine, for that is debauchery, but be filled with the Spirit, addressing one another in psalms and hymns

A research proposal Free Essays

Children always gesture while explaining what they have to answer, narrate or describe. Almost all the studies, which have been made on children gesture, concluded saying gesture is a vehicle through which children express their knowledge. When children are asked explain a concept they are acquiring, they will always gesture discordant, which means conveying one message in speech and another in gesture. We will write a custom essay sample on A research proposal or any similar topic only for you Order Now These children are shown to be in a transitional state in the sense that they are particularly receptive to instruction- in fact, more receptive to instructions than the children who convey the same procedure in speech and gesture (1993). Although it is important to be able to describe the learner’s state before and after the task has been mastered, characterizing the process that bridges these two states is the key to understanding learning. Unfortunately, in many studies of learning in both adults and children, performance, procedures, and mental representation are described before and after learning. While little attention is paid to the transition between these states (1989). One potential source of information about unverbalized mental processes is the spontaneous gestures that accompany speech. Studies have also shown that child’s gestures can be used to predict child’s performance on a learning task. When a child produces gesture – speech mismatch on a given problem, that child by definition conveys deferent information in gesture and speech. Surprisingly the information child expresses in gesture in such mistakes is typically not ever conveyed in speech during that assessment period, even across a series of test problems(1995). This finding suggested that the child who produces mismatches posses at least some knowledge that he or she cannot verbalize but can only express it in gesture, that is, knowledge that is uniquely expressed in gesture. The studies concluded this assumption saying this concept necessarily rest on the assumption that the child’s gestures are an accurate reflection of what the child knows (1998). If the gestures are the accurate expression what the child knows the gestures will have a great deal to do with the source of the knowledge the children have. Studies have not discussed much about the source of knowledge child has really influencing the gestures the child make. Indeed, all of the gesture – speech mismatch studies reported have been based on the assumption that gesture is a vehicle through which children can express meaning. And the fact that these studies have yielded coherent results provides indirect evidence for this assumption (1998). The studies also undoubtedly state that gesture has the potential to offer a unique source of insight into the mind of a child. This proposed study is to seek empirical evidence to make sure that the source of knowledge a child has would always have an influence on the gestures the child make while expressing that knowledge. It is because, one must assume that if gesture is the vehicle through which children can express meaning, gesture is the vehicle through which adults can transport knowledge to the children for comprehension. The speech – gesture mismatch children would make in the expression can be caused from the variations the child observes in the adults expressions. These variations in the adults gestures also cause the difference in the duration of this transition period. Children pay attention to information conveyed in gesture, the y learn from it. Children instructed in mathematics equivalent problems (e.g., 3 + 4 + 5 = _ + 5) are more likely to learn when the instruction includes speech and gesture than it includes only speech (2005). This experience beyond doubt proves that children pay attention to the gestures the see and grasp information from them. Gestures have an indexical function. This indexical function of the gestures is what particularly enabling the children to benefit from the gestures and comprehend more. There can be deference in this indexical actions in gestures of different people in deferent cultures and different climatically and social conditions. Gesture thus serves the purpose of visual in a learning process. This study here experiment that Conditions under which indexical gestures convey lessons to the children by the adults has anything to do with the speech – gesture mismatch children produce in their expressions.   Participating in an interactive section the enhancement of comprehension is vital. Enhancing the comprehension will mean the duration of above said transition will be reduced. Helping children to be effective communicators. It will definitely be possible when the studies on the obvious reasons for the speech – gesture mismatch are dealt with. In order to make this study work the experiment should include narrations and description of intangible object with gestures. And concrete things and theories also can be framed to experimental questions. All three of this categories in two sets, one with gestures seek comprehension and answers from children of two age groups,   while other seek comprehension and answers from children of two age groups of the same participants, without gestures. How to cite A research proposal, Essays

Sexual Harassment 101 Essays - Human Behavior,

Sexual Harassment 101 sexual harassment History so many women don't see this process as worth the trouble. Even those, however, who do file a complaint and win a harassment case, may feel lost. Though, Title VII offers reinstatement to previous job, the individual may be shunned or harassed by co-worker thus making conditions even more uncomfortable than they were beforehand. Common law tort lawsuits, such as intentional infliction of emotional distress and assault and battery, provide a remedy in certain types of sexual harassment cases that is totally dependent of any of the statutes and governmental agencies. However, the solutions proposed might seem comprehensive in plans to lessen sexual harassment in the workplace and punishment of harassers, women still face formidable obstacles in preventing harassment from continuing. The proposed measures fail to cover all aspects of harassment, though the truth is, it is virtually impossible to formulate a plan to do so. Anti-harassment policies in the workplace can significan tly lessen the occurrences of harassment by co-workers, but in reality, corporate policies are only as good as the supervisors that enforce them. Evidently, sexual harassment has manifested itself into the everyday work environment, and has now unfortunately become a common occurrence for some women. Though government procedure countering this problem has improved considerably over the past few years, as long as there are women in the work force, they will inevitably be subjected to the torture that is sexual harassment. Sports and Games

Women’s and Gender Studies Essays

Women’s and Gender Studies Essays Women’s and Gender Studies Essay Women’s and Gender Studies Essay Essay Topic: Little Women Name: Course: Instructor: Date: Women’s and Gender Studies Question 1 a) According to Badran, when did the phenomenon of â€Å"Islamic Feminism† emerge? According to Badran, the phenomenon of Islamic Feminism emerged in the 1990s. b) In her view, what are the broad goals of Islamic Feminism? The broad goals of Islamic Feminism are to be treated the same way as men, which is similar to equal treatment of all humankind, as written in the Quran. – How do these goals confirm the worldview of Islam’s earliest authorities? These goals confirm the worldview of Islam’s earliest authorities as patriarchs who ruled to their own advantage. This reflects Islam and Patriarchy as different, since Islam advocates for equal treatment of humankind. – Upon what mythic sources are these goals based? (Be as precise as you can be) These goals are based on equal treatment of all humanity, as stipulated in the Quran. c) Badran notes that Islamic Feminism can be â€Å"controversial and unsettling.† Which two parties are most threatened by Islamic Feminism? There are two parties that are most threatened by Islamic Feminism. The first is men who do not want to lose the privileges they get because of patriarchy and women who do not want to loose the protection gained from patriarchy. The second party is of people who use the view of Islam as giving women subordinate roles, as a tool for politics. d) According to Badran, from which ideological discourses and geographical locations was Islamic Feminism born? Islamic Feminism was born during a movement in the 19th century by the Salafi School. Later in the 20th century, feminists from Middle East fought for more rights for women who were still living in patriarchal societies. e) Where does it flourish? And why do you think this is the case? They influenced Pan-Arab movements. I think that this is the case because of the similarities in their ideologies, which the movements could relate to. f) Where has Islamic feminism had practical effect? (Can this be said of the UAE?) Islamic feminism has had a practical effect in three areas. The first one is Iran where Muslim women and some men associated with the Zanan paper, fought for women’s rights, which had been ignored, explaining their reason as the Qur’an. The second is in South Africa, immediately after apartheid, where men and women fought for gender justice. They particularly focused on rights of women to the mosque and communal area. They wanted equal access as men. The third area was in North America where women in communities of converts and immigrants, experienced contradictions from immigrants on the issue of human equality. The immigrants imposed the patriarchal rule on them. g) What is different between new Islamic feminists and those of the time of NaziraZayn al-Din (fl. 1920s)? The difference between Islamic feminists of the time of NaziraZain Al-Din and the new Islamic feminists is that those of NaziraZain Al-Din time were not well educated and hence this limited them in interpreting the Quran. The new feminists have produced analysis of the Quran on issues of gender. h) Badran (Egyptian) mentions: Asma Barlas, Riffat Hassan, Amina Wadud, Ziba Mir-Hosseini, QudsiyyaMirza and ‘Aziza al-Hibri. Do a little bit of research into their ideas. What general overlaps and contrasts do you find? Asma Barlas, Riffat Hassan, Amina Wadud, Ziba Mir-Hosseini, Qudsiyya Mirza and ‘Aziza al-Hibri all agree on the equality of all human beings. They all fight the equal treatment of every person. However, Asma Barlas refuses to be labeled an Islamic feminist, unless it is fighting for the justice of all beings. i) How specifically do these Islamic feminists explain Qur’an 4:34, a verse that seems explicitly to attribute power to men above women? (Do not rely solely on Badran here, she confuses rather than clarifies this point! I include a more thorough investigation by Mohamed Mahmoud [Content Area]). Mohamed Mahmoud explains this about Qur’an 4:34. Men should supervise their women and have control over them. Men are given a socio-economic role, while women are expected to be faithful and righteous even in their husbands’ absence. When a woman disobeys the man or refuses to fall the norm, she is disciplined by her husband through beating and avoiding her in bed. Finally, when the woman returns to the right ways or the state of obedience, the husband should stop disciplining her. j) To what degree do you agree with the findings/principles of the Islamic feminist movement as this is described by Badran? I agree with the principles of the Islamic feminist movement in as far as seeking equality and fair treatment to all individuals despite their gender. Question 2 a) â€Å"Women†¦ always play an active part that goes beyond the dichotomy of victimization/acceptance, a dichotomy that flattens out a complex and ambiguous agency in which women accept, accommodate, ignore, resist, or protest – sometimes all at the same time† (p. 534). What do you think Macleod means by this observation? (Read up on Gramsci’s concept of â€Å"Hegemony,† and the problems with his â€Å"False consciousness† model, pp. 543 ff) Macleod means that women have also contributed to gender inequality by accepting their subordinate roles in the society. They have not stood a firm ground in defining their place in the community, such that they either agree or refuse to be victimized. Gramsci’s concept of Hegemony suggests that the difference in power relations is not forced on to the victims but rather they comply with it. The dominant class manipulates the subordinate class into acting in a way that would favor the dominant class. The problem with his â€Å"false consciousness† is it suggests that the dominant class has manipulated the subordinate class such that they think they are acting on their own consciousness. Research however, shows people consent to subordination consciously or from political activity, which means, actively supporting it, passively accepting it or hidden resistance. b) What range of meanings does Macleod locate within the traditional Egyptian practice of wearing hijab? (539-40) Macleod gives two meanings for the traditional Egyptian practice of wearing the hijab. The first is that of the protest of women to come from their traditional identity and status in the society. The second meaning is the acceptance by women as that they are supposed to stay in the house and their homes. c) Why is it incorrect to describe these women as â€Å"adopting traditional dress† (545)? It is incorrect to describe these women as â€Å"adopting traditional dress† because they have placed different reasons from the traditional ones of wearing the hijab. A woman chooses whether to wear the hijab and the time to wear it. Different women also have different reasons of wearing the hijab. d) â€Å"Why would these women (541-3), who are educated, dedicated to working, and relatively successful symbols of modernization, return to a traditional symbol like the veil?† (544)What range of ideas is included in Macleod’s answer to this question? (key answer begins: 551) Macleod gives several reasons for veiling. They wear the veil to show their identity and role in the society. A woman gives the reason of wearing the veil as a symbol that one is a wife and a mother. The second reason is that the veil acts as a compensation for the working of a woman, when she should be carrying out her duties as a woman and mother at home. e) In what ways does wearing the hijab represent a woman’s desire to â€Å"accommodate† her tradition, and in what ways does it represent her desire to express â€Å"resistance†? Hijab represents the desire of a woman to accommodate the traditions, when worn by women because it represents their identities as mother and wives. On the other hand, it represents resistance, because it is a woman’s choice to wear the hijab and the time to wear it. f) What dangers are inherent in these women’s choice to adopt the veil? (556) The danger of these women’s choice to adopt the veil is that it might result to unequal treatment of women or gender in equality. This is because the choice of clothing for a woman might become a man or society’s decision. Work Cited Badran, Margot. â€Å"Islamic Feminism Revisited.† Web. 9 June 2012. Macleod, Arlene, E. Hegemonic Relations and Gender Resistance: The New Veiling as Accommodating Protest in Cairo. Chicago Journals (2008). Web. 9 June 2012. 1992

6 Essential Managerial Skills You Need to Be a Successful Manager

6 Essential Managerial Skills You Need to Be a Successful Manager In order to be a successful manager, you need to create an environment that helps your team to  excel. But the managerial skills needed to achieve that aren’t necessarily taught or set in job descriptions. This doesn’t mean that you’re going to be a terrible manager before developing the managerial skills of a good manager. Not at all.Weekdone.com has provided a  useful infographic  below, listing out the managerial skills any excellent manager should have:Source: [BusinessInsider]

Summaries Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Summaries - Assignment Example The author claims that science does not end with one discovery, because a new finding often leads to further questions which serve as a new challenge for scientists. The article outlines the four-step process undertaken by scientists to come up with new theories. The scientific process always starts with a fruitful question. A fruitful question is a question which in spite of taking into consideration everything known about the object or event, still crops up and remain a mystery about such object or event (The scientific state of mind 399). After identifying a fruitful question, the scientist comes up with several hypotheses that are possible answers to the questions. These hypotheses are then tested, either through laboratory experiments or through scientific observations. If a hypothesis is proven to be true, then it will be considered as a theory. The fourth stage follows which is known as the â€Å"question chain† because after coming up with a scientific theory, new ques tions come up that will again go through the scientific process. One can therefore say that the scientific process is a cycle because it goes on and on. ... The arguments enumerated by the author are clearly presented in the essay. First, he asserts that prostitution provides job opportunities for women. It pays more than the other lowly jobs such as servants and factory workers (Enough already, it's time we decriminalize prostitution 437). Furthermore, based on his interviews with prostitutes, some of these women freely chose to become prostitutes and are happy with their jobs. The author also argues that the decriminalizing prostitution offers safeguards to both the prostitutes and their clients. Problems such as sexually-transmitted diseases and low rates are better addressed. Prostitutes get police protection. Clients obtain a sense of security because prostitutes are required to register with the authorities and they undergo medical testing. The author professes that criminalization of prostitution is worse. He cites Sweden’s experience after it criminalized commercial sex in 1998. He says that the rates became lower, clients were fewer and there were more incidences of violence. The author concludes by stating that people should not make hasty generalizations by saying that â€Å"sex workers are victims and all clients are demons† (Enough already, it's time we decriminalize prostitution 437). He goes on further to say that people should not be moral judges and instead be more honest on the issue of prostitution (Enough already, it's time we decriminalize prostitution 437). Improvements Made and Principles Discovered Through these exercises one has learned that in summarizing articles, it is important first to state the title and author. One must also identify the main thesis of the article and state

Discuss the positive and negative aspects of an ageing population,with Essay

Discuss the positive and negative aspects of an ageing population,with particular reference to your country - Essay Example Saudi Arabia is undoubtedly the largest oil producer in the world and the biggest company in the Middle East. It performs fairly well in other economic areas; for instance, its tourism sector flourishes with millions of tourists flocking some of its resorts for vacation and water sports especially due to the clear waters of the red sea. Their real Estate and construction sector is attractive as renting is becoming fairly rampant; the country owns gold mines in the South along the red sea and Bauxite and Phosphate in the North (Oxford Business Group 170). All the same its government’s major priority is to diversify its economy as it is currently heavily dependent on oil and gas. An ageing population consists of those 60 years and above.The huge gap between supply and demand initially in Saudi Arabia could be explained by the high population growth that took place in the country; in fact, it was at the time ranked to have a 46% higher birth rate than the world’s usual average population growth. This high population in Saudi Arabia was represented by an extremely young population; it is estimated that 70 % of its population were less than 30 years with 45% of this given bracket being under 15 years (Oxford Business Group 138). This translated into around 30% of the older population quite a small number; Initially between 2000 and 2005 the ageing population of 60 years and above declined in most Arab countries, Saudi Arabia Included; due to the high birth rate. However, recently there was a huge shift in events when in Saudi Arabia and other oil exporting countries such as United Arab Emirates such that the fertility and birth rate greatly declined resulting in an increase in the number of the ageing population (Gopal and Tikhvinsky 104).it is now estimated that by 2045, 15 % of the population will be aged as from 60 years and above due to the decline

About Pakistan International Airline Pia Management Essay

About Pakistan International Airline Pia Management Essay We will have to selectd Pakistan International Airlines for our report. And we are supposed to write a report where our major area of concern is employee relations against a changing background and nature of industrial conflict and the resolution of collective disputes. Due to the prevailing strict security conditions, we were unable to visit PIA for collecting information. Therfore, information regarding PIA is largely collected from internet. Executive summary In the beginning of our report, we have a brief background regarding PIA About Pakistan International Airline (PIA): Pakistan International Airlines usually better known as PIA can sketch its beginning to the days when Pakistan had not yet achieved independence from the  British Raj and is a public sector venture of Government of Pakistan. In 1946, the founder of Pakistan Muhammad Ali Jinnah  apprehended the need for a flag carrier for the prospective country and for this purpose the founder of the country requested financial help from a wealthy capitalist  Mirza Ahmad Ispahani. PIA was first known as Orient Airways, and was registered in  Calcutta  on 23 October 1946. PIA bought 3  DC-3  airplanes in February 1947 from a corporation in Texas and achieved a license to fly in May of the same year. Later, the airline started its operations in June, providing services from  Kolkata  to  Sittwe  and  Yangon. This was the first position second-world-war airline flight by a  South Asian  registered airline company. Orient Airways (early name of PIA) began operations for the ne w country (Pakistan) when it came into being on 14 August, 1947. (PIA, 2012) PIA was once considered as Asias best airline.  PIA is headquartered at  Jinnah International Airport  in  Karachi  and PIA provides services to 24 domestic destinations and 38 international destinations in 27 countries across Asia, Europe and North America. PIAs major bases are at Karachi, Lahore and Islamabad. Whereas, PIAs secondary bases entail  Peshawar,  Quetta, Faisalabad,   Multan and Sialkot. Through secondary bases PIA connects the metropolitan cities with the main bases, the  Middle East,  Europe, and the  Far East. It is largely owned by the  Government of Pakistan  and is regulated by the Ministry Of Defense as an autonomous body. PIA employs 18,043 individuals as of May 2008. (PIA, 2012) Outcome: 1st Tasks for P1: The unitary and pluralist perspectives of employee relations: Since the 1980s, there has been a major standard change in managing employee relations to one stressed on more strategic and incorporated frameworks that are based on employee dedication and mutual workplace interests, as an alternative of the traditional managerial control and conflicts between employers and employees. According to Alan Fox managers have different frames of reference' and everyone has a frame of reference, which can be identified as a lens with the help which one perceives employment relations. Number of other authors also argued that the managers frame of reference impacts how these perspectives are understood and used or not used.  The two well known kinds of ER perspectives are: unitary and pluralist. Before explaining the two main kinds of ER perspectives, we would first like to explain what frame is. Frames: According to Alan Fox, a frame is basically a sociological point of view that may assist in building of a frame of reference with the help of which issues of industrial relations can be observed practically and placed more open to solutions. (Fox, 1966) Unitary perspective: According to Michael Armstrong, the unitary perspective is basically held by managements who perceive their task as that of directing and controlling the employees to accomplish economic and growth objectives. To this end, management thinks that it is the rule-making power. Management tends to observe the venture as a unitary system with single source of authority, itself, and single focus of loyalty, the organization. It admires the good quality of teamwork, where everyone struggles together for a common objective and everyone accepts their place and work willingly, following the leadership of the selected manager. This unitary view, which is basically autocratic and dictatorial, has sometimes been stated in agreements as managements right to manage. The philosophy of HRM with its focus on commitment and support is based on the unitary perspective. (Armstrong, 2006) Characteristics of unitary perspective: First, there is only one source of power in organization, which is usually the management.  Second, the function of organizational leaders is to encourage loyalty and commitment among employees.  Third, organizations are observed as teams that are working together for common or mutual goals and objectives, and there are also no conflicts of interests between managers and employees.  Fourth, the management must represent effective leadership to achieve organizational goals objectives.  Ã‚  Fifth, Trade unions are not perceived as significant for the pleasant managing of conflicts. Sixth, conflicts in the organization are seen negatively and they are dysfunctional and results to disloyalty, thus harming the well-being of the organization.  Ã‚  Seventh, the state is autonomous and forms industrial relations systems (IR). Advantages of unitary perspective: Following are some of the advantages of unitary perspective of employee relations. A major advantage of the unitary perspective is that it openly wants to incorporate employer and employee interests, so that it can enhance employee commitment and loyalty. The unitary perspective also focuses on the role of managers in achieving win-win situations for employees and organizations, wherein their interests can be properly associated with each other Managers are forced to go beyond their managerial styles of managing employee relations and focuses on their leadership abilities and if they can be persuasive and prominent leaders in the organization, there will be no strong demand for trade unions. The unitary perspective is fundamentally individualist in its employee relations approach, which works best for individualist IR systems. Many IR systems all over the world have changed from the collectivist IR standards to individualist standards. Therefore the unitary perspective will be mainly valuable for this kind of IR perspective. Disadvantages of unitary perspective: Following are some of the disadvantages of the unitary perspective of employee relations. The main disadvantage of unitary perspective is the lack of understanding that there are power inequalities between employers and employees which will create different kinds of conflicts. Managers often use greater power over their workforce in shaping work conditions In unitary perspective, conflict is treated too negatively, and not seen as a force that imitates inequalities and which can be used as opportunities to recover work harmony. In unitary perspective, it is ambiguous how individual worker attitudes can be effectively integrated into the organizational objectives, because the unitary perspective is very normative and lacks explanation of how common interests can be recognized and distributed across organizations. Pluralist perspective: According to Alan Fox, an industrial organization is a plural culture, including many connected but separate interests and objectives which should be sustained in some kind of balance. In place where business unity reflected in a solitary focus of authority and loyalty, management has to accept the existence of opponent sources of leadership. It has to face the fact that a business venture has a triple personality: it is at once an economic, a political and a social organization. In the first, it generates and distributes profits. In the second, it represents a system of government in which managers jointly exercise authority over the managed, but are also themselves involved in a complex pattern of political relations. Its third personality is discovered in the plant community, which develops from below out of face-to-face relations based on common interests, attitudes, beliefs and values between diverse groups of employees. (Alan Fox, 2006) Whereas Cave (1994) describes pluralism as, an equilibrium of power between two controlled interests and a adequate degree of trust within the relationship for each side to value the others lawful interests, and for both sides to renounce from pushing their interest separately to the point where it became impossible to keep the show on the road. (Cave, 2006) Characteristics of pluralist perspective: First, pluralist theory considers that the workplace is composed of different sets of beliefs, standards and attitudes. Second, there are opposite sources of leadership in organizations.  Third, conflicts are expected because there are inborn opposing interests and sometimes conflicts can even be useful, if recognized and controlled within institutional reactions.  Fourth, the function of the management is to arbitrate between competing interests.  Fifth, Trade unions are lawful legislative body of employees, and they are perceived positively because they help employees focus on their decision-making power. Sixth, the state encourages public interest. Seventh, employee relations constancy can be achieved through a chain of negotiations between managers and employers through the collective bargaining method. Advantages of pluralist perspective: Following are some of the advantages of pluralist perspective of employee relations. Pluralist theory focuses on the effectiveness of industrial relations involvements as it assists in resolving conflicts. Pluralist perspective also considers other different decision-making practices such as communication and consultation with employees. In pluralist perspective conflict is not ignored, but are dealt effectively through stakeholder involvement. Conflict can then be used to recognize fundamental tensions, so that they can be recognized and properly rectified. The pluralist perspective does not ignore or disregard the part of trade unions in managing employee-employer conflicts rather it embraces a broader range of employee relations policies. Disadvantages of pluralist perspective: Following are some of the disadvantages of pluralist perspective of employee relations. The major weakness of the pluralist perspective is the tendency to settle on set of rules and procedures and ignore the methods that also contribute to the resolution of conflicts. The pluralist perspective is unable of recognizing that the state also represents business interests and not just public interests. The pluralist perspective may stress too much on worker interest, which can result to the inefficiencies of collective bargaining practices. Frame of reference at Pakistan International Airlines (PIA): According to our findings and observations, Pakistan International Airlines (PIA) uses unitary frame of reference and following are some of the justification for proving that PIA uses unitary frame of reference. The first and main characteristic of a unitary perspective is that the source of power in organization is with the management which is exactly the same in PIA. The power to make any major decisions is with the management of the PIA because PIA is regulated by Ministry of Defense as an autonomous body. The management bodies of PIA encourages loyalty and commitment among employees through number of different monetary and non-monetary approaches, this is another characteristic of a unitary perspective. Employees of the PIA struggle for one common goal which to attain profit by delivering the best possible services to their valued customers. This is also one of the characteristic of unitary perspective. Conflicts are perceived negatively because this negatively affects their business for example, the recent strikes of the employees regarding pay increase severely affected PIAs business. One of the characteristics of the unitary perspective is that it ignores the involvement of trade union and this what the PIAs management did several times in the recent time which lead them to face number of problems. These evidences clearly indicate that PIA uses unitary perspective of employee relations. Tasks for P2: Importance of trade union: Before we discuss importance of trade union it is important first to know what trade union is. Trade union: According to Michael Armstrong, the basic purpose of trade unions is to encourage and protect the interests of their members. They are there to equalize the balance of authority between employers and employees. The basis of the employment relationship is the contract of employment. But this is not a contract between equals. Employers are more or less always in a stronger position to order the terms of the contract than individual employees. Trade unions give workers with a collective voice to make their needs known to management and as a result bring real and preferred conditions closer together. This pertains not only to terms of employment such as pay, working hours and holidays, but also to the way in which employees are treated in such aspects of employment as the remedy of grievances, authority and redundancy. Trade unions also exist to let management know that there will be, from time to time, a substitute view on key matters affecting employees. More largely, unions may see th eir role as that of contributing with management on decision making on matters affecting their members interests. (Armstrong, 2006) In short trade unions have two specific functions, to protect their members through collective bargaining, better terms and conditions, and to support and counsel to their members as individual employees. In additional trade union roles involves, that of providing legal, financial and other services to their members. Importance of trade union: Employees are not the only ones who enjoy the benefits of joining the trade union but its the employer or the organization that enjoys and takes advantage of the benefits of trade union as well. Employees can use trade union as tool through which their voices can be reached to the employer or management. Whereas, trade union greatly help employer or management as it saves their huge amount of time not only in solving their issues but also when they wishes to implement any new rule they do not need to inform each and every employees rather they inform only the trade union leader who then informs all their members. The importance of the trade union can observe by the following advantages of trade union. Representation: As mentioned earlier, trade union represent employees when they an issue at work. For example, if an employee considers he/she is being unjustly treated, he/she can ask the union representative to assist sort out the problem with the employer. In short, union is there to represent employees. Negotiation: Trade union representatives negotiate the problems that affect employees working in an organization. There may be a dissimilarity of opinion between management and union members. Trade unions negotiate with the employers to discover remedy to these problems. Trade union usually negotiates for the problems such as pay, working hours and changes to working practices. In many organizations usually there is a formal agreement between the union and the management which declares that the union has the right to negotiate with the employer. Voice in decisions affecting employees: The economic protection of workforce is determined not only by the level of wages and duration of their employment, but also by the managements personal rules which incorporate selection of workforce for layoffs, promotion and transfer. These policies basically directly affect workforce. In order to ensure these policies are developed fairly, the involvement of unions in such decision making is a way through which employees can have their voice in the decision making to protect their interests. Member services: Now a day trade unions are providing number of different services to their members in order to ensure their rights are not ignored and to make their members effectives. These services involves education training, legal assistance, welfare benefits and financial discounts etc. On the basis of the above benefit of trade union to the organization, we can conclude that Trade union can greatly help PIA to resolve different issues. For example, recently PIAs employees were on strike because they wanted to increase their pay levels, if the management of the PIA had good relations with the trade union they might not had faced this problem. Therefore, considering the importance of trade union PIA must value their trade union otherwise they will face different other serious problems in the near future. Tasks for P3: Role of trade union in employee relations: Trade union plays an important role in forming peoples working lives in almost every part of the world today, though their power in this respect has decreased in current times. The percentage of employees who are members of unions fell in the first decade of the twenty-first century, though this decrease was modest, and far less impressive than the decrease of the previous two decades. The experience of firms and industries to greater market pressures, a growing movement in outsourcing and the growth in unusual employment, employer supported forms of involvement and representation, and the nuisance of legal limitations on the ability of unions to recruit, organize, collectively bargain and take industrial action, has all added to a quick fall in membership. Despite the acceptance of different internal strategies and the introduction of laws pushing employers to recognize unions, the downward trend in membership all the same continued in recent years, although at a slower pace. As mentioned earlier that employees are not the only ones who enjoys the benefits of joining the trade union but its the employer or the organization that enjoys and take advantage of the benefits of trade union as well. Employees can use trade union as tool through which their voices can be reached to the employer or management. Whereas, trade union greatly help employer or management as it saves their huge amount of time not only in solving their issues but also when they wishes to implement any new rule they do not need to inform each and every employees rather they inform only the trade union leader who then informs all their members. Following are some roles of trade union in employee relations: Member services Voice in decisions affecting employees Negotiation Representation The roles of the trade union mentioned above are briefly explained earlier in our report. Tasks for P4: Role of main actors in employee relations: According to (1966), the term employment relationship basically explains the interconnections that exist between employers and employees in the place of work. These interconnections may be formal, for example contracts of employment, procedural agreements. Or they might be informal interconnections as well in the form of the psychological contract, which states certain assumptions and expectations regarding what managers and employer have to provide and are willing to deliver. Employer and employee may also have an individual dimension, which pertains to individual contracts and prospects, or a collective dimension, which pertains to relationships between management and trade unions. (Kessler and Undy, 2006) Whereas according to Michael Armstrong, the parties of the employee relations are managers, employees and employee representatives (union). The substance includes the job, reward and career of individuals and the communications and culture of the organization as it directly affects them. It may also involve collective agreements and mutual employee relations like works councils etc. The formal aspects contain rules and procedures, and the informal dimension contains understanding, expectations and assumptions. At last, the employment relationship exists at different levels in the organization such as management to employees usually, and managers to individual employees and their representatives. The function of the relationship will also be affected by practices such as communications and consultation, and by the management style existing throughout the organization or implemented by individual managers. (Armstrong, 2006) Parties in the employee relations Role of the parties in the employee relations: The role of the employees in the employee relations is to consult their representative or union at times when he/she feels they are treated unfair or if they wish for a demand such pay increase, decrease in working hours or holidays etc. Another role of employees in the employee relations is they must obey the orders from trade union. Whereas union or employees representative have two specific functions, to protect their members through collective bargaining, better terms and conditions, and to support and counsel to their members as individual employees. Similarly, the role of managers or employers is to maintain good relationship with the unions representatives which otherwise leads to different major issues. The role of managers or employers in employee relations is to communicate new policies and regulations to their employees through employee representatives or unions. Tasks for M1: An effective judgment of PIA: Due to the prevailing strict security conditions in Pakistan, we were unable to visit PIAs office for collecting data. Therefore, we had to collect data via electronic sources. Disputes at PIA: According to the report of Mr. Qasim Moini the correspondent of the Dawn News that five flights were affected on Friday after a clash over pay and a working agreement between the management and pilots of PIA threatened to have an effect on the flag carrier`s plan. (Dawn News, 2011) The Pakistan Airline Pilots` Association (Palpa) the delegate body of most of PIAs 450 or so pilots advised its members to go by the book, read articles that allow them to take 10 days off in a month and not fly until given notice 12 hours before a flight in writing. Another dispute at PIA was very shocking in terms of financial cost and passengers dissatisfaction. According to Dawn News on 10th of February 2011, employees strike at PIA that lasted for four days, trapped thousands of passengers and abandoned nearly three dozen domestic and international flights on Friday. PIA spokesman Mashhood Tajwar said 33 flights were canceled. No PIA planes were flying to or from the capital, Islamabad, while the timetable in the southern city of Karachi has been disturbed. Even though PIA is at the brick of bankruptcy but this strike cost PIA a loss of about $22 million. (Dawn News, 2011) The problem was later resolved by federal Interior Minister Rehman Malik by meeting with the employees association leader Suhail Baluch. Being an HR manager of PIA our decision: An ideal manager is one that never gives a chance to the birth of dispute, but since we know that managing human is not an easy task and their behavior is not constant and it changes situation to situation. It is also a believe at large that where human exist there must be some sort disputes because of the nature of human being is they often challenges or perceive things wrongs or take things personally. Our decision for the dispute of the pilot over pay increase and employment hours, we would first look at our policies and employment contract in order to know what they state. After doing so we will critically analyze the party that is wrong (the management of PIA or the pilots). Even if the management of PIA is right, we will still not try give a chance to disputes because it badly effects not only the business but it also dissatisfy customers because as a result of dispute customers may not be served with in the scheduled time. Whereas, even if the pilots were right then we being HR managers of PIA would try to the best of our abilities to carefully and effectively rectify this issue because as mentioned earlier the dispute can result in delays of flights which will financially affect PIA and it will dissatisfy customers as well. In order to rectify this issue, we would humbly request pilots to carry out their tasks on time. For this reason we would like to provide them with some extra incentives because they are working extra hours. And to rectify pay increase issue, we would have contacted employees representative of PIA and being ideal HR managers of PIA we would have adopted win-win approach. This approach basically states that some aspects must be tolerated by the management and some the by the employees representative (employees). We believe our decision will not only help PIA to rectify the arising issue but it will also help them not dissatisfy their employees and their customers as well. While for the second dispute (strikes of the employees of PIA), our decision is almost the same. We will first not give a chance to raise such issues. This issue clearly indicates that the management of PIA is not good towards their employees as a result they were on strike and faced PIA will loss of millions of dollar. According to our deep observation regarding the strike of the employees that lasted four consecutive days creates both a huge advantage and a huge disadvantage. The advantage of this issue for PIA could be a lesson that they should focus and give values to the issues of employees and the disadvantage of this strike is that employees showed their power that they are capable of doing anything with PIA if their wishes were not considered or valued in the future. We being HR managers of PIA would have consulted the union leader prior the issue had reach to a crucial level and in such situation we would have adopted you win-I lose approach because this approach would at least have saved the amount of loss that resulted as a consequence of the strike. Outcome: 2nd Task for P5: Importance of framework approach in industrial relations: Before we discuss why framework approach is importance in industrial relations, we would first like to explain what industrial relation is. Industrial relations: Industrial relations may basically be considered as a system of rules regulating employment and the behavior in which individual behave at work. The systems theory of industrial relations, as put forwarded by Dunlop (1958), described that the function of the system is to create the regulations and practical rules that govern how much is distributed in the bargaining practice and how the parties contributed to one another. (Dunlop, 2006) Industrial relations is described in many more or less formal or informal forms; in legislation and statutory orders, in trade union regulations, in collective agreements and arbitration awards, in social conferences, and in managerial decisions. The rules in industrial relations may be defined and logical, or ill-defined and illogical. Whereas, the only issue with industrial relations is that it does not adequately focus on the distribution of power between management and trade unions. Importance of framework approach in industrial relations: A framework is basically a supporting arrangement around which something can be constructed or a system of rules, ideas or principles that is used to plan or decide something. Framework approach is significant in industrial relations because it will help not only employees, employees representative but also the management or employer in showing them direction of their rights or authorities. Suppose an employee feels he/she treated unfairly such paid low or no holidays are given to him/her, the employee can consult their representative for this issue in order to rectify it. Similarly, if employer feels his/her legal orders are not obeyed, will consult employees representative in order to rectify this issue. This is all because of the proper framework, if there is no proper framework in industrial relations then, both employees and employers may not be able to resolve any issue. In simple words, we can say that framework approach to industrial relations helps in balancing the use of power both for employers and employees. It often observed that employers misuses their power and dictate their employees, to avoid such situations framework approach is used in industrial relations to maintain the balance of power between both the parties. Tasks for P6: Types of collective disputes: Before we discuss different types of collective disputes, it is important first to know what is a dispute and collective dispute. Employment disputes are basically divided into two main types Individual disputes: Collective disputes: As the name indicates, individual disputes are generally those that involve a single employee whereas collective disputes involve groups of workers usually represented by a trade union. The definition of a collective dispute is pretty wide and can involve issues in dispute such as terms and clauses of employment, physical working conditions, commitment, termination, duties of service, provision of work, regulation and a group of other issues associated with employment relations. Collective disputes are further divided into two sub-types which are: Rights disputes: Interests disputes: A rights dispute arises where there is disagreement over the implementation or understanding of legal rights. Whereas in contrast, an interest dispute involve disagreements over the determination of rights and responsibilities of those already exist. Interest disputes generally arise in the perspective of collective bargaining where a collective agreement does not exist. Dispute and their different types Elements of collective disputes: Elements of the collective disputes are usually the grievances between employees and employers. These grievances are usually formed either due misuse of power by the employer or by the disobeying the orders of employers by the employees. Following are some of the elements of collective disputes: When the normal methods of argument or negotiations between an employer and employee representatives fail to reach a conclusion a failure to agree must be recorded and a proper dispute course of actions should be appealed. The dispute methods must be in writing and, depending on the degree of the organization, it must give an opportunity for a dispute to be forwarded to a higher management-employee representative level. If the higher level of management-employee representative negotiation does not resolve the dispute then the issue should be forwarded to external conciliation. Logical time limits must be set for reference to the internal and external levels of a dispute method. In many cases employers and employee representatives may wish the dispute practice to provide for arbitration or mediation. It is advised for both the parties to try to resolve a dispute through conciliation before using these other types of dispute resolution. <

PR Communication Memo Essay

Lancaster, PA, June 13, 2013 – JHW Corporation (NYSE: JHW), a leader in textiles, announced today that John Doe, chief financial officer, has resigned unexpectedly while working with the Securities and Exchange Commission. SEC is currently investigating the accounting practices of JHW and recently discovered discrepancies in the company’s revenue recognition. James H. Whoever, president and CEO of JHW, stated he was surprised to learn of the discrepancies discovered by SEC in the company’s accounting practices and regrets that internal controls were not reviewed sooner. At this time it is unknown if John Doe’s resignation is connected to this incident; however, the company is committed to finding a replacement Chief Financial Officer at the conclusion of the investigation. Until further notice the Vice President of Finance will report directly to the CEO. Additionally, JHW will delay the release of its earnings for the second quarter, pending the conclusion of the investigation relating to accounting practices of revenue recognition. The investigation is overseen under the direction of the Securities and Exchange Commission with the full cooperation of JHW’s internal audit committee and board of directors. As a result of the information discovered the company has broadened the extent of its investigation to include all internal controls for financial reporting. The issues of concern in the investigation primarily involve the proper recognition of revenue. The company anticipates completion of the investigation by the second week in July 2013, and will remedy any discrepancies identified by SEC for the fiscal years affected within the time frame established by SEC. Because of the recent staff changes, and with the help of SEC, we are looking into the situation to resolve it as soon as possible. We believe these staff changes are for the better, and we will continue to strive to reach company goals and protect our investor’s interests. No further information will be  supplied on the status of the investigation or company operations until earnings have been reported. John Doe, Chief Financial Officer, resigned unexpectedly when the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) requested documents that led to the discovery of issues concerning revenue recognition during its investigation of the company’s accounting practices. A press release has been written to inform the public of the CFO’s resignation and how the company is handling this crisis. At this time I want to inform you of the company’s legal requirements, explain the value of public communication, and the ethical concerns during this crisis. Legal Requirements As a publicly traded company we have a legal obligation to inform the public of the resignation of the company CFO. It is critical that we handle the CFO’s resignation in a manner that minimizes any long-term effects that could cause lasting damage. Additionally, to avoid further repercussions the company should consider the following legal requirements when handling this situation. Legal counsel should be sought to assist the company during this time to ensure nothing is overlooked, avoid future consequences, and breach of confidentiality. * Disclose any information considered material for immediate release to the public * Company operation filings including Form 10-K and 10-Q; file Form 12b-25 to disclose inability to file report in a timely manner and the reason * File an 8-K form for the recent changes * Detailed disclosure on financial condition, including financial statements * Inform shareholders of potential misstatements on annual reports and rectify any inaccuracies; possible litigation and legal consequences as a result of crisis * Ensure confidential information is secure, including CFO’s access to privileged information Public Communication At this time all communications should be directed through the appointment of one spokesperson to ensure facts are consistent and focused on the relevant issues, without breaching confidentiality. Also we need to provide assurance that the company is taking the necessary steps to correct the situation and explain what plan we have to prevent this from recurring. It is imperative that we cooperate with the media to show control over the situation to avoid further rumors of inappropriate behavior. Public communication at this time is invaluable when expressing the company’s concerns and reassuring the stockholders and the public to retain their confidence in the company and its leadership. * The press release should calm the public by informing them of facts about the situation. The company should respond professionally and in a manner that reflects best practices in managing the situation. To maintain integrity, responses need to be honest and transparent to avoid negative impacts. Management should be proactive by preparing for other attacks that may arise as a result of its response. Address negative comments in a positive way to show the company is listening. Management should consult internal policies and procedures on the proper way to handle this situation. * Ethical Considerations Responsible decision making is difficult when ethics tips the balance between calming stakeholders and providing information to SEC. To avoid further concerns in regard to this crisis, the company will provide any information requested by SEC that we are legally obligated to furnish. However, frequent contact and consultation with the â€Å"board of directors should be sought to make sure the organization stays focused on objectives in an ethical, legal, and socially acceptable manner† (Cengage, 2006, p. 3) while providing required information to SEC. Recommendations It is my recommendation that a successor be appointed as soon as possible,  and a meeting should be called with chief investors to smooth any marketplace nerves. Additionally, it is imperative the company develops an action plan to handle the situation in an orderly and professional manner. Staying proactive, calm, and truthful will help reaffirm the integrity of the company and provide reassurance to company stakeholders while impeding further rumors. The press release needs to be delivered to the public and to the NYSE informing them of delayed filings and recent changes to avoid future ramifications, including delisting. The company accounting staff should be available to help answer questions internally as SEC’s investigation continues. I will notify you of any information and developments as they occur. If you have any questions or concerns in this matter, please do not hesitate to contact me. References Cengage. (2006). Stakeholder Relationships, Social Responsibility, and Corporate Governance. Retrieved from http://cengagesites.com/academic/assets/sites/316138_ch02.pdf e-releases. (2013). Press Release Sample. Retrieved from http://www.ereleases.com/press-release-sample.html

The Poster Model For Restraint Essay - 1608 Words

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His bride, Kasturbai, was chosen by his parents and she lived in Porbandar . Mohandas did enjoy spending time with his new wife – similar to the way you would expect new friends to appreciate each other’s company – but he had a desire to teach her the things he would read in his schoolbooks. Although she was grateful for her husband’s teachings, she didn’t have much interest in those things and, instead, focused her energy on managing the household duties . 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